作者: system

準備小朋友升小，家長可做甚麼？

家長錦囊

system

資料來源：心啟晴心理學家李偉堂博士

到下學期，K3小朋友要開始準備上小學，除了認識新的學校、預備文具和學習穿校服等，還有甚麼家長可以協助他們順利過渡，做好升小銜接？很多時候小朋友遇到很多未知的事物便會感到焦慮，應對小朋友的焦慮情況，最好事先做好預備工作。

甚麼是做準備？在上學前打開時間表，提醒小朋友：「你看上完這兩節課後便會有小息，然後上完這兩節課後又會有小息」，他們在心裡便會知道大約甚麼時候有小休，然後到午膳時間，再上課一會便放學了。

在老師方面，他們不知道誰是老師，我們便可以說：「這位老師應該是男老師，這位是女老師。」這樣就是事前的預備，讓小朋友對未發生的事情知道更多更好地做準備。尤其很多小學都會舉辦迎新活動，家長千萬不要因為忙碌，覺得九月開學時才回校，現在不用參與。能參與的便參與，這樣其實是幫助小朋友認識多點，面對未知的事物也能有充分的預備。

有了剛才那些充足的預備，還有甚麼細微的事情是我們需要留意的呢？我們說小朋友升上小一會焦慮，是對未發生的事情，沒有任何準備，然後會感到擔心。當他們能夠掌握每一節課整體需要做甚麼事情，焦慮的感覺便會減少很多。

有些則不是父母可以掌握的範圍之内，就是他的同學們。小朋友會面對一些情況，例如旁邊的同學很多小動作，會走到小朋友的位置拿他的東西來看。這些對小朋友來說是不順利的時間，但這些是沒法預防，所以要培養一下他們。尤其他們剛踏進小一，在放學後多點和他們聊天，問他有沒有遇到不順利的事情，讓小朋友可以說出來抒發一下。他們便會發現即使有些擔心，放學後可以和爸媽說，爸媽也會安慰他，他們的不安感也會再減少一點。然後到了第二天，那些不高興的事情已經放下了，他們便會重新再來開心上學。

每位爸媽也想在小朋友放學回來時，問他們多點東西，知道多點上學的畫面。家長應該學習多些問問題的技巧，讓小朋友如何可以說多點内容，畫面更完整。其實有些小朋友比較外向點，多說話的，對父母來說當然會容易明白點；有些小朋友則比較内斂，内斂的小朋友有很大的特徵，就是他的内心還未能夠掌握情況，所以不知道該怎麼表達。

面對内向的小朋友時，可以簡單一點，就是畫一張海報，上面有很多不同的情緒圖案，然後問他今天經歷了甚麼心情。他們看到圖案便會想，可能有時候會指著生氣、有時候會指著傷心、有時候又會指著開心，這樣就可以問他發生甚麼事感到高興、生氣或傷心？他們就有空間表達有這些情緒的事情。

Since childhood, children have learned the great method of storage and how to pack up toys without difficulty

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 13/02/2023
在〈Since childhood, children have learned the great method of storage and how to pack up toys without difficulty〉中尚無留言

Parenting Tips

system

Source：Taiwan Professional organizing advisor, Yu Zhi Lin

One of the parents’ nightmares is working hard to pack up the toys every night, but the next morning they were scattered all over the floor again. Pack up your stuff. How can parents teach their children to pack up their toys?

We decide how big the storage box should be based on the child’s age, which is about 1 to 2 years old. To prevent children from putting toys in their mouths, toys at this time are usually larger, so we need a slightly larger storage box. When children are younger, our standards can be very low, mainly to let them know that they need to clean up after playing with toys, pack them up in the storage box, and put all the toys in it. At this age, we need to train them to be tidy.

By the time children are a little older, about 3 to 5 years old, they can already have a preliminary classification. Know that there are different types of toys. At that time, the storage box does not have to be so big, we can change a smaller storage box, according to the different types of toys a little classification. We adjust the rules of the game a little higher; you can paste some classification labels outside the box, with patterns, colors, or word cards, so that children can easily identify. For example, a car, with a car pattern or a word card “Car”, so that children can slowly learn to remember this classification.

When children go to elementary school, they will have their own ideas and know what to put away where, so our storage box can become smaller. Then we can store many small things for children, such as little girls’ ornaments, small beads, and accessories for Barbie dolls. We can also use such a small box to sort, because after such a long time of training, children will find it very natural to clean up, and parents will also feel very relaxed.

自小學習收納大法執拾玩具無難度

家長錦囊

system

資料來源：台灣收納整理師于之琳

家長的其中一個惡夢，就是每晚辛苦將玩具放好，第二天早上又散滿一地。自己玩具自己執，家長可以如何教導小朋友執拾玩具呢？

我們依據小朋友的年紀來決定收納箱應該要多大，小朋友大概在小寶寶1至2歲的時候。為避免小朋友將玩具放到嘴巴，這個時候的玩具通常也比較大件，我們需要的收納箱就稍微大一點。在小朋友年紀比較小的時候，我們的標準可以很低很低，主要讓他們知道玩完玩具之後是需要收拾的，要收拾到收納箱，把所有的玩具收進去就好。在這個年紀，我們需要訓練他們的是收納。

到了小朋友再大一點，大概3至5歲時，他們已經可以有初步分類。知道玩具類型有不一樣。那時候的收納箱就不一定要這麼大了，我們可以換一個小一點的收納箱，依據不同類型的玩具稍為分類一下。我們把遊戲規則調高一點，可以在收納箱外面貼一些分類標籤，以圖案、顏色或字卡，方便小朋友辨認。例如車子，有車子的圖案或用字卡「Car」，讓小朋友慢慢去學習記得這種分類。

當小朋友升上小學，他們會有自己的想法，會知道甚麼東西要收在哪裡，我們的收納盒就可以變得更小。然後可以收納很多小朋友的小東西，像小女生的飾品、小珠珠及Barbie娃娃的配件。我們也可以利用這麼小的盒子來分類，因經過這麼長時間的培養。小朋友會對於收拾東西是一個很自然的事情，不會感到很反感，家長也會感到很輕鬆。

Four behaviors that damage the parent-child relationship

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 16/01/2023
在〈Four behaviors that damage the parent-child relationship〉中尚無留言

Four behaviors that damage the parent-child relationship

system

Source: Parenting Specialist, Ken Sir,

Some mothers often ask me, “How should I show my love for my children?” Will it be spoiled by expressing too much? I think that Chinese people are more introverted and are often afraid to express their love. Especially when you want to express your concern for him but end up with a different attitude.

I once saw a mother and her little child lost in Shatin and then reunited. How did the mother behave after the reunion? She grabbed him by the hand and hit him while saying, “I just couldn’t see you; do you know how scared I was?” I am very worried about you. What can I do if I can’t see you?

In fact, everyone knows that his mother loves him, but the child cannot feel it. I often share an example of how to express love in my lectures. When I was a child, my father ordered a drink, and since he didn’t have much money at the time, he asked the waiter for an extra cup after ordering a hot drink. He kept pouring the drinks around in front of me, trying to get the drinks cold as soon as possible so that the kids wouldn’t burn their mouths when they drank them and they could drink them faster, but I found that if the kids asked their parents or I asked many of the student’s parents, they would all answer, “This will get cold faster.”

When responding to children, parents should express their deepest feelings, such as “Because I love you, how would I do this thing if I didn’t love you?” Do I do it for the one next to me? In fact, there are many things we can do in life to express love, but there is one thing we must remember if we are to avoid causing spoiled, you must remember the following two points.

The first point is that if a child can do something, he should be allowed to do it; you should not fight to make him do it. The second point is that when a child makes a mistake, we should correct him. In the process of correction, we should be gentle and firm, and serious when we need to be serious. However, remind the child that he or she should be told the solution, not just no or wrong. If so, the child will not improve.

父母要如何表達對小朋友的愛？

家長錦囊

system

資料來源：親職教育專家Ken Sir

有些媽媽會經常問我：「我應該怎樣表達我對小朋友的愛？會否因為我表達得太多而造成溺愛？」，我覺得其實中國人較為內斂，對愛的表現，很多時候都不敢說出來。尤其是你本來想表達你很緊張他，但就變成另一種態度。

有次我在沙田見到一個媽媽和她的小朋友走失了，然後再重聚，重聚後媽媽的表現是怎樣呢？就是捉著他的手打他，一邊打一邊説：「我剛剛見不到你，你知不知道我很害怕。我很擔心你，見不到你怎麽辦呀？」

其實大家都知道媽媽是愛他的，但小朋友就感受不到。我經常在講座分享一個例子去表達愛，就是在我小時候爸爸叫了一杯飲料，因為當時錢不多，當叫完一杯熱飲後就問侍應多拿一個杯子。在我面前不停把飲料倒來倒去，想盡快把飲料弄涼，讓小朋友喝的時候不會燙傷嘴巴，而且可以快點喝得到，但我發現如果當小朋友問父母的時候或我問過很多學生的父母，他們都是會答：「這樣會快點變涼。」

家長在回應小朋友時應該表達最深的層次，就是因為我愛你，我不愛你我怎麽會做這事情呢？難道我為旁邊那個做？為旁邊的小朋友做嗎？所以其實我們在生活上很多事情可以表達愛，但有一種事一定要記住，如果你害怕造成溺愛，一定要切記以下兩點。

第一點小朋友可以做到的事，應該要讓他做，你不應該爭著做。第二點就是小朋友犯錯，我們要指正他。在指正的過程中，盡量用到溫柔而堅定，需要嚴肅的時候要嚴肅。但要提醒小朋友記著要説上解決方法，而不是只說NO，只說不對。這樣的話，小朋友是不會進步的。

Nurturing children’s interest in reading

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 09/01/2023
在〈Nurturing children’s interest in reading〉中尚無留言

Parenting Tips

system

Written by : New Horizons Development Centre
Registered Educational Psychologist Pang Chi Wah

A hundred years ago, illiteracy was a normal thing. But since education became widespread decades ago, it is now necessary to go to school to receive an education. Learning is not only through the direct transmission of knowledge by teachers through language, students also need to read textbooks by themselves. When doing homework or taking exams, students are tested on their concentration and speed when reading.

More than 30 years ago, the basic qualification for firefighters was graduation from the sixth grade, but today, even college graduates may not be able to get into firefighting. Modern fires do not only require firefighters to be physically fit and able to put out fires with water, but some fires are very complex and require special methods and chemicals to put out.

Reading skills are needed in all walks of life
Whether they are blue-collar or white-collar workers, they need to handle documents and files, read other people’s reports or instructions, and write their own reports. So the need to read and handle paperwork is everywhere. In the past, illiterate people could withdraw money from banks, but with modern ATMs, not only can we withdraw money, but we can also pay different fees, but our concentration and speed in reading is very much tested.

When we are adults, we have to sign many contracts, and there are many clauses in the contract, and the font size is small but quantity is large, it is also a big test of reading. Modern people often have to search for information on the Internet, which also requires the ability to read, that is, the ability to visually search for symbolic words and speed.

Nurturing children’s interest in reading
Cultivate children’s interest in reading and develop good habits. Although reading books is fine, reading newspapers is a good habit that everyone must develop, whether they are civilians or presidents and professors, they need to read newspapers regularly because this is the only way to keep up with the information of the society, to understand the changes around the world, and to master the liberal thinking.

Although there is now a very convenient TV news, as if they do not need to read, listening to TV news seems more convenient. But in fact, in addition to reading newspapers to learn the news and current events, more continuous training of the ability to deal with words and reading newspapers can be carried out at anytime and anywhere, newspapers can be said to be the textbook of the Society in general. This is everyone “to do old, learn until old,” the rule of thumb.

培養孩子的閱讀興趣

家長錦囊

system

撰文：新領域潛能發展中心　註冊教育心理學家彭智華

在百多年前，文盲是很正常的事。但自從數十年前教育開始普及，時至今日，到學校接受教育是必須的，學習除了通過教師以語言直接傳授知識外，學生還需要自己閱讀教科書，在做功課或考試時，更考驗學生閱讀時的專注力及速度。

三十年多前，投考消防員的基本資格是小學六年級畢業便可，而今時今日，大學畢業生也未必能考到消防員。現代的火災已不單是要求消防員體能好，簡單用水便可灌救熄滅，因為有些火警的起因很複雜，要用特別的方法及化學物才可撲滅。

各行各業都需要閱讀能力

不論是藍領或是白領，都需要處理文件檔案，需要閱讀別人的報告或說明書，更需要自己書寫報告，所以閱讀及處理文書的需要可說是無處不在。以前文盲可以到銀行提款，但現代的自動提款機，我們不單可以提款，還可以繳交不同的費用，但就非常考驗我們閱讀的專注力及速度。

當我們成年後有很多簽訂合約的時候，而且合約有很多條文，字體又小數量又多，也是閱讀的一大考驗。現代人經常要在網上搜尋資料，也需要閱讀的能力，就是視覺搜尋符號文字的能力及速度。

培養子女的閱讀興趣

培養子女的閱讀興趣，並培養成為良好的習慣。雖然閱讀圖書也可以，但閱讀報紙是每個人必須養成的良好習慣，不論是平民百姓，還是總統教授，都需要定時閱讀報紙，因為只有這個方法才可以保持與社會的資訊同步，了解世界各地的變動，掌握通識思維。

雖然現時有很方便的電視新聞，好像不需要自己閱讀，聽電視新聞似乎更方便。但實際上閱讀報紙除了得知新聞時事，更能不斷鍛鍊處理文字的能力，而且閱讀報紙可以隨時隨地進行，報紙可說是社會大學的教科書，是每個人「做到老，學到老」的不二法則。

家長園地家長園地家長園地家長園地

Three steps to teach children to eat on their own

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 12/12/2022
在〈Three steps to teach children to eat on their own〉中尚無留言

Parenting Tips

system

Written by: Senior Parenting Specialist,Bally

When children go to school, they have to eat on their own. It is not an easy challenge to teach children to eat well, as they have to eat attentively and refrain from playing with food. In fact, parents only need three steps to teach their children to eat on their own.

First, parents need to teach their children to eat on their own. Parents are frequently anxious for their children to finish their meals quickly, fearing that they will not eat and will have to be fed by their parents. In fact, starting at 6 months of age, children should get used to using their own hands to put food in their mouths, with parents only assisting them.

Parents should let their children pick up the utensils and eat by themselves so that they do not just get fed but also get a sense of participation and motivation to eat.

Second, help children with hand-eye coordination. Sometimes children may not be able to hold the utensils properly because of their own hand-eye coordination issues and may be angry and not eat. Parents can use words to remind children how to move the utensils backwards and forwards, or they can train children’s coordination skills on a daily basis so that they can cope with the challenges of eating on their own and reduce the difficulties they encounter.

Third, give praise and encouragement. Children will inevitably encounter difficulties and frustrations when learning to eat. If parents keep scolding, “Why is it so messy?” “Why do you eat so slowly?” Naturally, children will not be able to enjoy food and will not eat on their own initiative for fear of being scolded when they see food.

If parents provide encouragement at this time and praise their children when they do, they will continue to be courageous and overcome the frustration of learning to eat. Parents should also remember that when children are eating on their own, don’t clean up after them, as this will prevent them from trying to eat on their own.

In addition, parents often misunderstand that their children do not eat. In fact, children just don’t like certain dishes, and if parents force them to eat, it forms a vicious cycle.

家長園地家長園地家長園地家長園地家長園地家長園地

教導小朋友自己進食三步曲

家長錦囊

system

撰文：資深親職教育專家Bally

小朋友上學後，便要自己進食。但要教好小朋友吃飯，絕對是一個不容易的挑戰，既要他們吃得專心，又要防止他們玩食物。其實父母只需3步就可以教導小朋友自律的進食。

第一，父母需要教小朋友自己進食。很多時候家長都會很心急，想子女快點吃完飯，怕他不吃飯，導致變成家長餵食。其實由6個月開始，便應該要讓小朋友習慣用自己手，將食物放進口裡，家長只是在旁輔助他。

家長讓小朋友自己拿起餐具進食，讓孩子在進食時不是一味地被餵食，而是能夠從中獲得參與感，從而令他們有動力進食。

第二，協助小朋友手眼協調。有時間小朋友會因自己手眼不協調，無法拿好餐具而賭氣不吃飯。家長可用說話提醒小朋友如何前後左右移動餐具，另外亦可在日常中訓練小朋友的協調能力，讓他們能夠自己應付進食時的挑戰，減少他們遇到的困難。

第三，給予讚賞鼓勵。小朋友在學習進食時難免會遇到困難和挫折，若家長不斷指責「點解食到周圍都係？」「點解咁污糟？」「點解食得咁慢？」小朋友自然無法享受食物，見到食物便會害怕被責罵，便不會主動自己食飯。

如果家長在這時間給予鼓勵，並在孩子做到時稱讚他們，就能令他們繼續勇於嘗試，完服學習進食時的挫折。家長亦要謹記小朋友自己吃飯時，不要一邊清潔，這會阻礙小朋友自己嘗試吃飯。

另外，家長很多時候會誤以為小朋友不吃飯，是因為某碟菜式他不喜歡吃，然後強逼他進食，形成惡性循環。

千萬種謊言逃避做功課家長如何是好？

家長錦囊

system

撰文：家庭動力心理輔導員賴舜薇

小朋友每次做功課，都訛稱自己肚痛、要上洗手間或想睡覺，千萬種謊言與藉口。重視品格培養的家長自然會感到嬲怒，因為他們對子女不誠實的行為都是零容忍的。但為甚麼孩子總是逃避做功課？為甚麼他們又要以謊言去掩飾呢？

小朋友逃避做功課，很多時不是他們不願意做，而是做不到。小朋友都會希望自己又乖巧又聰明，但當他們發現自己做不到功課，便會認為自己不夠聰明。他無法接受，便會以說謊來掩飾和逃避。一般而言，智力正常但有學習障礙的小朋友，他們的學業表現都會受到一定程度的影響，但在其他方面，他們一樣可以表現出色。而且不論他們智力水平高低，只要使用對的方法，加上適量訓練，他們亦能建立相應能力。

但人為甚麼會說謊呢？當一個人覺得自己處於不安的環境時，便會啟動防衛機制保護自己。而說謊便是其中一種以逃避方式來應對危機的表現。如果家長希望幫到子女，便要讓他勇於說真話，這樣家長才能理解子女真正不明白的地方。

如何令子女勇於說真說話？你要讓子女知道，即使他不夠聰明，你依然會這麼愛她，以他為喜樂，對他有耐性，並且會一起想辦法協助他解決困難，從而建立他的安全感，讓他安心透露內心的不明白與困難。但相反，若其經驗令他認為因他不夠聰明，會引來媽媽對他發脾氣及埋怨，他便不敢說真話，甚至啟動自我保護機制，用大人一看便能拆穿的謊言保護自己。

這時候孩子不但無法保護自己，更會惹來更大的麻煩，因為媽媽會更生氣，便會主動認錯，又會承諾不再說謊。惟事實上，他功課的困難並未解決，形成造成惡性循環。因此，我們鼓勵家長學習接納子女的不足，令子女對你有信心，覺得安全，自然對你敞開心扉。